Advanced Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advanced Technology - Essay Example 1 Sawing is a process which could be analyzed either as manual or with the help of electronic sawing machine. In general, only those who have a basic knowledge in carpentry can do sawing. However, it is also an interesting work, which can be done at home. There are certain tools, which are found at home such as layout tools, boring tools, cutting tools, clamps, striking tools etc. With the help of these tools, it would be very easy to make small wooden furniture at home for home use. This would be the best manufacturing method as it does not require a labour on a payment basis, and these garden stools can be manufactured one or two days. However, large pieces of unshaped wood are difficult to cut into sheets in required measurements, therefore before we start manufacturing it would be better to give the wood blocks in a sawmill meant specially for woods and get it cut into to desired shape with desired measurement. Emma [2006] suggests an identical idea in making a garden bench; she says, â€Å"You do not have to blow hundreds of dollars for a small bench in your garden. Use your imagination to come up with the other paired items that can be used for your new garden bench.† The paired items that she mentions here is the plywood and steel parts, which are found in markets. However, the idea of making use of the wood taken from a tree found inside the garden would be much cheaper than the one mentioned by Emma. 1. Drawing the stool in a paper with measurements required.- A garden stool does not require more space and it should hold maximum of two people. Take a plain white paper and draw the design of the stool graphically with the desired measurements. This garden stool should be 2 feet length and 3 feet width, and it should be fixed 2 feet from the ground level. The required dimensions would be : Designs over the top portion are drawn based one’s own wishes. Choose the paint colour and try to mention all the parts required to make the stool including the

Paradise Lost Essay Example for Free

Paradise Lost Essay Paradise Lost, an epic in twelve books, is in several ways one of the most wonderful of the works of men. It is one of those rare works of human genius whose power and beauty are inexhaustible. It was composed by the poet after restoration, in blindness, poverty and obscurity. Yet he produced a poem which alone is enough to give him a place among the poets who are not of one age, but of all ages, not of one country, but of the whole world giving it the genre of an immortal classic. Writing of the influences which shaped Milton’s epic, Verity says, â€Å"We must indeed recognize in Paradise Lost, the meeting point of Renaissance and Reformation, the impress of four great influences; the Bible, the classics, the Italian poets and English literature. †(Verity, 103). In allusion lies one of the chief delights of literature, and we get this delight from Paradise Lost. But the greatness of Milton’s epic lies not in allusions, not in the story, nobly though that illustrates the eternal antagonism of righteousness and wrong, and the overthrow of evil; nor in the construction, though this is sufficiently architectonic; nor in the learning, though that is vast; nor in the characterization, for which there is little scope; not in these things, though all are factors in the greatness of the poem, and in all Milton rises to the height of his argument- but in the incomparable elevation of the style, ‘the shaping spirit of Imagination’ and ‘the sheer majesty of music’. This is well explicated in the description of the flora and fauna of Eden: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. gentle gales Fanning their odoriferous wings dispense Native perfumes and whisper whence they stole Those balmie spoiles. † (IV, 156-159) It is undoubtedly Renaissance that fired his ambition of writing an epic and his choice of its subject fell on the Biblical subject of the fall of man. He preferred the Biblical subject because, says John Bailey, â€Å"it was his belief that every statement in the Bible was literally true† (Bailey, 67). As this was also the belief of his contemporaries, his epic got recognition at once. But the use of Biblical theme hampered his freedom of invention. That is why Books I-IV, where the poet enjoyed comparatively greater freedom of invention, are better written than the other books where his imagination was hampered by his Biblical theme. Paradise Lost is a classical epic, having all the common features of the epics of Homer and Virgil. It is a long narrative poem in XII books, its subject is solemn and grand, and it finds equally grand and solemn treatment. Indeed grandeur and majesty are the key-notes of Milton’s epic. Like the classical epics, it has unity of theme and treatment. There is nothing in it that is superfluous, every episode and incident leads to the central theme – the fall of man and the loss of paradise. Wars and heroic exploits are also not lacking. There is supernatural intervention in plenty. Its characters are mostly superhuman – God and His angels, and Satan and his followers. There are only two human characters, Adam and eve. Indeed, this paucity of human actors, and consequent lack of human interest, is the basic weakness of Milton’s epic. In keeping with the epic tradition, its style and versification is lofty and sublime. Frequent and effective use has been made of Homeric or epic similes. Though Paradise Lost is a classical epic, it also has a number of unique features of its own. A classical epic deals with a subject of national importance, with the war-like exploits of some hero of national stature. The theme of Milton’s epic is vaster and of a more universal human interest than any handled by the poet’s predecessors. It concerns itself with the fortunes, not of a city or an empire, but of the whole human race, and with that particular event in the history of the race which has moulded all its destinies. Around this event, the plucking of an apple, are ranged, according to the strictest rules of the ancient epic, the histories of Heaven, Earth and Hell. The scene of action is Universal Space. The time represented is Eternity. The characters are God and all his creatures. And all these are exhibited in the clearest and most inevitable relation with the main event, so that there is not an incident, hardly a line of the poem, but lead backwards or forwards to that central theme. Like other epic poets, Milton too plunges at once into the middle of his story instead of beginning from the beginning. Thus Book I opens with an account of the Fallen Angels-Satan and his followers- in Hell, and the account of the war in heaven which resulted in that fall is given later on, in the Books V-VIII, along with the account of the Creation of the world. Satan, though defeated and fallen, does not despair. He encourages his followers, a vast hall, Pandemonium, is built, where they hold a conference to decide upon their future course of action. After much discussion it is decided that they would have their revenge upon God by corrupting the newly created man. Accordingly, Satan undertakes a journey to the new world through Chaos, reaches the Earth and the Garden of Eden. In the form of a serpent, he tempts eve to taste the fruit of the forbidden tree. He succeeds in seducing eve, and Adam, despite the warning of God’s angel Raphael, tastes the fruit of the tree of knowledge. He thus commits the Sin of Disobedience. The result is divine punishment. Consequently, there is the loss of paradise and the fall of man. Suffering becomes the lot of man as a result of this original sin. Satan, too, is punished, as he and his followers are transformed into hissing serpents. The central theme of the epic is stated in the very opening lines itself: â€Å"Of man’s first disobedience Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast Brought Death into the World, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat, Sing Heavnly Muse,† (I, 1-6) This fall of man would be used by him to ‘assert Eternal Providence’ and ‘justify the ways of god to man’. Thus Dr.  Johnson said that Milton’s purpose is â€Å"to show the reasonableness of religion and the necessity of obedience to the Divine Law† (Brown, 82). The theme of freedom and independence is also inherent in the epic. Satan is the very embodiment of heroic energy, energy which is constantly expressed in action in his opposition to the will of god despite heavy odds. His words like: â€Å"Better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven† (I, 263) and â€Å"What though the field be lost? / All is not lost! † (I, 105-106) drives home the point very clearly. Characters in Paradise Lost may be divided into four different groups. First of all there are God, His son and His angels; secondly there are the fallen angels, Satan and his followers; thirdly there are allegorical personages, Sin and Death; and lastly humans, Adam and eve. Mark Pattison has rightly said that an enjoyment of Milton’s poetry is the ultimate reward of consummate scholarship. Milton was a very learned poet, and his learning is strewn wide over Paradise Lost. Allusions to classical literature and mythology, to Biblical mythology, and to contemporary literatures of Europe, especially Italian, are abundant and plentiful stumbling blocks in the ways of the readers. The first lines of the first book of the epic has references to â€Å"Oreb† (7), â€Å"That Shepherd (8), â€Å"Siloa’s Brook†, â€Å"Aonian Mount†, etc. proves the fact. Latin constructions, use of words in their original Latin sense, and epigrammatic terseness are other sources of difficulty. That is why the beauty and grandeur of the epic can be enjoyed only after a number of readings. But such readings are fruitful and rewarding. At times the Latin usages give an elusive meaning as in the following passage: â€Å"Soft oppression seis’d My droused sense, untroubl’d though I thought I then was passing to my former state Insensible and forthwith to dissolve. † (VIII, 291-296) More specially the epic similes, more frequent in this epic than in Homer or Virgil, uplift and dilate the imagination, thrill the senses with their range and variety and are a source of great aesthetic pleasure. One of the most noteworthy epic similes from Milton in Paradise Lost is that which deals with the will-o-the-wisp in book IX, Lines 633-42: â€Å"Hope elevates, and joy Brightns his Crest, as when a wandring Fire Compact of unctuous vapor, which the Night  Condenses, and the cold environs round, Kindld through agitation to a Flame, Which oft, they say, some evil Spirit attends Hovering and blazing with delusive Light, Misleads th amazd Night-wanderer from his way To Boggs and Mires, and oft through Pond or Poole, There swallowd up and lost, from succour farr. † (IX, 633-42) Coupled with the sublimity and grandeur of diction, there is sonorous verbal music of Milton. P aradise Lost is written in blank verse, and its handling is superb throughout. Each line consists of five feet and ten syllables, the accent being on the second syllable. Here Milton introduced endless variations in metre, to give music, flexibility and variety to the verse. The use of trochees and spondees and clever manipulation of pauses add to the effect. But the chief peculiarity of Milton’s blank verse is his use of the verse paragraph where the meaning of the line does not end with it but overflows to the next lines. We might have lost faith in Milton’s theology and the story of the fall of man may have been exploded by science, but Paradise Lost will never decay and die. It is an immortal work of art and it will live on by virtue of its manifold poetic beauties.

Our Moment In History :: essays research papers

Our moment in history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My moment in history would have to be my first rave I ever went to. It was in an old abandoned warehouse and my friends and I had never been to a rave. We thought it would be a good idea to get there early so we wouldn’t stand in line to long. But as it turned out there was no line and we appeared to be the first ones there. My friend mustered up the courage to go talk to the guy at the front of the building. There was just one problem he was missing his ticket.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not understanding that he needed a ticket to get, and that the building didn’t open for another hour, he sat there and argued with the man about how he should be let in right now. Well the man eventually calmed my friend down. But sent him to a checkpoint, which is a way, to detour people that the doormen feel should not be in the rave. Any way I was volunteered next to go up to the man after my friend drove off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"So,† I said, â€Å"here’s my ticket when can I get in?† He explained that this building would not open for an hour and that we best drive around for an hour or so. I went back to car and told about how we were too early. They agreed that we should drive around for a while. As we drove around I saw my friend driving around. He pulled us over and started to talk to us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Are you guys going though the check points too?† He said, but we were thinking to our selves what is he talking about? So he went on to say how he had been going to check points that take him to the rave. He asked us why we had a confused look on our face, and I said, â€Å" No reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Well from there we left him and went get something to eat, he would be searching all night for the remaining check points. He would be searching all night for a good reason most of them didn’t exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So we went do the gas station, the only thing open past nine in Florida, and got some snacks and drove around some more. We got on the Florida turnpike and got stuck on there for about an hour and a half.

julius caesar - flattery :: essays research papers

In William Shakespeare's tragic play Julius Caesar, an under appreciated factor of flattery and persuasion plays an important role in the choices of the leaders. Cassius uses flattery with Brutus. Decius uses flattery with Caesar, and Antony uses flattery with Brutus. Cassius persuades and flatters Brutus. Cassius knows that Caesar would do harm to Rome if he became leader. Brutus would be a powerful force in the conspirator's movement to kill Caesar before Caesar becomes king and destroys Rome. Cassius really needs Brutus on his side, so in order to persuade Brutus, he uses lots of flattery. Whenever Cassius talks to Brutus he throws in "good Brutus", "gentle Brutus" or "dear Brutus" to make Brutus feel comfortable and confident. He also uses overlooked flattery when speaking to Brutus. Cassius realizes all his sweet talk has done well when he responds to Brutus with "I am glad/That my weak words have struck but thus much show of fire from Brutus" (I, ii, 8). By this, he means that his words have lit a flame, or triggered a though in "the great" Brutus's head. Decius uses flattery and persuasion when speaking to Brutus. Decius is an active member of the Conspirators so he is very motivated into getting Caesar to go to the Senate House. The first thing that Decius says when he walks into Caesar's house is "Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar" (II, ii, 30). Decius also goes on and calls Caesar "most mighty". Decius is already on Caesar's good side. After catching up on Calpurnia's dream, he uses his quick wit to distort Calpurnia's foreshadowing dream by saying it is "misinterpreted". He explains that the dream "Signifies that from (Caesar) Rome shall suck/Reviving blood, and that great men shall press/for tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance" (II, ii, 31). Caesar seems to be amazed by this version of the interpretation; in fact, he likes this version a lot better mainly because Decius uses so much flattery. Antony deceives Brutus and the other conspirators with his keen wit and his sweet talk. After a brief minute of expressing sorrow, Antony goes right into saying "Friends am I with you all, and love you all" (III, I, 42). Antony is using flattery in order to get Brutus on his good side so he can speak in the order of Caesar's funeral. Antony asks Brutus if he can, Brutus agrees without hesitation. julius caesar - flattery :: essays research papers In William Shakespeare's tragic play Julius Caesar, an under appreciated factor of flattery and persuasion plays an important role in the choices of the leaders. Cassius uses flattery with Brutus. Decius uses flattery with Caesar, and Antony uses flattery with Brutus. Cassius persuades and flatters Brutus. Cassius knows that Caesar would do harm to Rome if he became leader. Brutus would be a powerful force in the conspirator's movement to kill Caesar before Caesar becomes king and destroys Rome. Cassius really needs Brutus on his side, so in order to persuade Brutus, he uses lots of flattery. Whenever Cassius talks to Brutus he throws in "good Brutus", "gentle Brutus" or "dear Brutus" to make Brutus feel comfortable and confident. He also uses overlooked flattery when speaking to Brutus. Cassius realizes all his sweet talk has done well when he responds to Brutus with "I am glad/That my weak words have struck but thus much show of fire from Brutus" (I, ii, 8). By this, he means that his words have lit a flame, or triggered a though in "the great" Brutus's head. Decius uses flattery and persuasion when speaking to Brutus. Decius is an active member of the Conspirators so he is very motivated into getting Caesar to go to the Senate House. The first thing that Decius says when he walks into Caesar's house is "Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar" (II, ii, 30). Decius also goes on and calls Caesar "most mighty". Decius is already on Caesar's good side. After catching up on Calpurnia's dream, he uses his quick wit to distort Calpurnia's foreshadowing dream by saying it is "misinterpreted". He explains that the dream "Signifies that from (Caesar) Rome shall suck/Reviving blood, and that great men shall press/for tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance" (II, ii, 31). Caesar seems to be amazed by this version of the interpretation; in fact, he likes this version a lot better mainly because Decius uses so much flattery. Antony deceives Brutus and the other conspirators with his keen wit and his sweet talk. After a brief minute of expressing sorrow, Antony goes right into saying "Friends am I with you all, and love you all" (III, I, 42). Antony is using flattery in order to get Brutus on his good side so he can speak in the order of Caesar's funeral. Antony asks Brutus if he can, Brutus agrees without hesitation.

Field Programmable Gate Arrays and Applications

Chapter 2 Field Programmable Gate Arrays and Applications ( FPGA ) 2.1 Introduction to FPGA: A FPGA is a device that holds a lattice of reconfigurable entryway exhibit logic hardware. At the point when a FPGA is arranged, the inner hardware is joined in a mode that makes adjustments executing of the merchandise proviso. Dissimilar to processors, FPGAs usage committed equipment for managing logic and do n't hold a on the job model. FPGAs are truly parallel in nature so typical transforming operations do n't necessitate to seek the same assets. Therefore, the executing of one some piece of the proviso is non influenced when excess preparing is included. Additionally, different control circles can run on a lone FPGA appliance at typical rates. FPGA-based control models can authorise basic interlock logicand could be intended to debar I/O drive by an decision maker. Nonetheless, dissimilar to hard-wired printed circuit board ( PCB ) plans which have altered equipment assets, FPGA-based models can really rewire their interior hardware to allow reconfiguration after the control mo del is sent to the field. FPGA appliances convey the executing and dependableness of devoted equipment hardware. A individual FPGA can replace many distinct sections by consolidating a big figure of logicentryways in a lone coordinated circuit ( IC ) bit. The interior assets of a FPGA bit comprise of a grid of configurable logicsquares ( Clbs ) encompassed by an outskirts of I/O pieces. Indexs are directed inside the FPGA grid by programmable interconnect switches and wire classs. 2.1.1 Need of FPGAs: By the early 1980 ‘s extended graduated table coordinated circuits ( LSI ) structured the spinal column of a big part of the logiccircuits in important models. Chip, transport/IO accountants, model redstem storksbills and so on were actualized utilizing integrated circuit industry invention. Irregular â€Å" paste principle † or interconnects were still needed to assist fall in the huge integrated circuits to: 1. Produce world-wide control marks ( for resets and so forth. ) 2. Information marks get downing with one subsystem so onto the following bomber model. Systems normally comprised of few huge graduated table coordinated parts and extended figure of SSI ( small graduated table incorporated circuit ) and MSI ( average graduated table incorporated circuit ) components.intial enterprise to take attention of this issue prompted betterment of Custom Ics which were to replace the expansive step of interconnect. This reduced model elaborateness and piecing cost, and enhanced executing. Then once more, usage Ics have their ain peculiar hinderances. They are by and large highly extortionate to make, and delay acquainted for point with concern sector ( clip to market ) in visible radiation of expanded lineation clip. There are two kinds of disbursals included being developed of usage Ics 1. Expense of promotion and constellation 2. Expense of production ( A tradeoff by and large exists between the two disbursals ) Therefore the usage IC methodological analysis was executable for points with high volume, and which were non clip to market delicate. FPGAs were acquainted as an option with usage ICs for realizing whole model on one bit and to give adaptability of reprogram ability to the client. Presentation of FPGAs brought about alteration of thickness in regard to discrete SSI/MSI sections ( inside around 10x of usage ICs ) . An alternate playing point of FPGAs over Custom Ics is that with the aid of machine helped constellation ( CAD ) devices circuits could be executed in a short step of clip ( no physical design transform, no screen devising, no IC piecing ) . 2.2 FPGA Design Flow: A standout amongst the most imperative focal points of FPGA based lineation is that users can be after it utilizing CAD instruments gave by constellation cybernation organisations. Bland constellation watercourse of a FPGA incorporates wining stairss: 2.2.1 System Design: At this phase conceiver need to take what section of his utility must be executed on FPGA and how to organize that utility with remainder of the model. 2.2.2 I/O integrating with remainder of the system: Input Output watercourses of the FPGA are coordinated with remainder of the Printed Circuit Board, which permits the lineation of the PCB quickly in constellation procedure. FPGA merchandisers give extra cybernation programming replies for I/O outline procedure. 2.2.3 Design Description: Designer depicts outline usefulness either by using conventional editors or by using one of the different Hardware Description Languages ( HDLs ) like Verilog or VHDL. 2.2.4 Synthesis: Once lineation has been characterized CAD instruments are utilized to put to death the constellation on a given FPGA. Amalgamation incorporates bland promotion, slack promotions, power betterments took after by agreement and directing. Use incorporates Partition, Place and class. The output of constellation executing phase is bit-stream papers. 2.2.5 Design Confirmation: Bit stream papers is bolstered to a trial system which reenacts the constellation utility and studies faux pass in desired behavior of the lineation. Timing instruments are utilised to concentrate greatest clock return of the constellation. Soon the lineation is stacking onto the mark FPGA appliance and testing is carried out in nature ‘s sod. 2.2.6 Hardware design and development: The general methodological analysis of adjustments betterment for programmable logicis demonstrated in Fig. 2.1 and depicted in the subdivisions that take after. Possibly the most dramatic differentiation between equipment and scheduling lineation is the manner an applied scientist must chew over the issue. Programing applied scientists have a inclination to believe in turn, really when they are making a multithreaded requisition. The lines of beginning codification that they compose are invariably executed in a specific order, at any rate inside a given twine. On the off opportunity that there is a working model it is utilised to do the visual aspect of correspondence, yet there is still merely one executing motor. Throughout outline entryway, equipment fashioners must think-and system in analogue. The greater portion of the info indexs are transformed in analogue, as they go through a set of executing motors each one of an agreement of macrocells and interconnections-to their end o utput marks. Fig 2.1: Programmable Logic Design Process Normally, the constellation entryway measure is taken after or assorted with times of utile reenactment. That is the topographic point a trial system is utilized to put to death the lineation and affirm that the right outputs are processed for a given set of trial inputs. Despite the fact that issues with the size or timing of the equipment may at present manifest subsequently, the Godhead can at any rate make certain that his logicis practically right before go oning to the undermentioned stage of betterment. Gathering merely starts after a practically right representation of the equipment exists. This fittings agreement comprises of two alone stairss. First and first, a center of the route representation of the equipment lineation is generated. This measure is called combination and the consequence is a representation called a netlist. The netlist is gadget independent, so its substance do n't trust on upon the specifics of the FPGA or CPLD ; it is by and large put away in a standard organisation called the Electronic Design Interchange Format ( EDIF ) . The 2nd venture in the reading methodological analysis is called topographic point & A ; class. This measure includes mapping the consistent constructions depicted in the netlist onto existent macrocells, interconnectednesss, and include and yield pins. This process is like the relative venture in the betterment of a printed circuit board, and it might likewise take into history either programmed or manual design sweetenings. The effect of the topographic point & A ; class procedure is a bitstream. This name is utilised blandly, irrespective of the manner that every CPLD or FPGA ( or household ) has its ain, typically sole, bitstream group. Suffice it to state that the bitstream is the mated information that must be stacked into the FPGA or CPLD to do that bit to put to death a specific adjustments lineation. Increasingly there are to boot debuggers accessible that at any rate take into consideration single-venturing the equipment program as it executes in the programmable logicgadget. Anyway those merely supplement a reenactment environment that can use a per centum of the information created throughout the topographic point & A ; class venture to give door degree diversion. Clearly, this kind of incorporation of appliance peculiar informations into a nonexclusive trial system obliges a great working relationship between the bit and reproduction setup Sellerss.

Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Essay Example

Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Essay Example Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Paper Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Paper In As You Like It, the dramatic device of disguise is very important, because of the dramatic opportunities it presents. Shakespeare opens two opportunities: the characters can say what they would otherwise be unable to say, and hear what they would otherwise be unable to hear.  The main character who uses disguise is Rosalind, although Celia does too, to a lesser extent. We first see these two characters in Act I Scene 2. In this scene, we find out background information of the characters, for example that Rosalinds father, the Duke, was banished. We also see Orlando and Rosalind fall in love, after they meet for the first time at the wrestling match in the gardens of the palace. Rosalind gives Orlando her necklace, giving him a sign that she has fallen in love with him. Rosalind: Wear this for me,  Rosalind: Sir, you have wrestled well, and overthrown  More than your enemies.  Orlando also admits to himself that he has fallen in love with her, but gives no indication of such to Rosalind, as he remained silent.  Orlando: What passion hangs these weights upon my tongue?  I cannot speak to her, yet she urgd conference.  O poor Orlando, thou art overthrown! In Act I Scene 3, Rosalind admits to Celia how much she loves Orlando, and that she is not merely playing at falling in love, as they had discussed in the precious scene. Celias father, the Duke, then interrupts them, to banish Rosalind. The reasons for his actions are that the people pity Rosalind, because she has lost her father. Also, they admire her silence and patience. So, under the pretence that Rosalind is a traitor, he banishes her, to make Celia show more bright and seem more virtuous when she is gone. However, Celia objects to this, as she loves Rosalind dearly. So, she decides to join Rosalind in her banishment, and that they will go to the forest of Arden, to search for her uncle, Rosalinds father. They decide to take Touchstone with them, for safety and company. In those times, it was dangerous to travel, especially for rich women. The women realise this, and like Rosalind says beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold. So, Rosalind decides to disguise herself as a male because she is more than common tall. She decides to call herself Ganymede. Ganymede was a Trojan boy, with whom Jove fell in love with, appointed him cupbearer of the Gods, and became immortal. This name is very appropriate since Ganymede was an effeminate boy, while Rosalind would be a woman dressed as a male. Celia decides to disguise herself as a shepherdess, called Aliena, meaning the stranger. This name is also appropriate, as it is representative of the way she will act in the country compared to at court; she will not be used to it. The two names are taken from the book Rosalynde, written in 1590 by Thomas Lodge. This could be intentional, or coincidental. We first see Rosalind in disguise in Act II Scene 4, when she realises that now she is disguised as a man, she has to inherit male qualities and act courageous to petticoat. In this scene, Shakespeare explores the male and female side of Rosalind for the first time. In appearance, she is masculine, able to take responsibility for the weaker vessel. However, inside she is feminine, and needy of the support she gives to Celia. Touchstone also mentions that when I was at home, I was in a better place stimulating thoughts about the divide between the rich and the poor of Shakespeares time. In As You Like It, Shakespeare compares the two societies of that time- the rich and the poor. There wasnt usually a middleclass. In the life at court, ladies did not work for their living. They usually grew up, and were married at a fairly young age, until they died. However, poor women usually had to help at the house, by cooking, cleaning, etc. and were also usually married off as soon as possible. Further on in the play, in Act III Scene 2 Touchstone also debates the merits of the two different lives with Corin, a shepherd. As we know, Celia and Rosalind come from an upper class, rich, royal families, but have to pretend to be poor, working class people when they go to the forest of Arden. Undoubtedly, they would have made mistakes occasionally, showing their true heritage. This would probably seem comical to the audience, because they found it unusual for the two backgrounds to mix. For example, in Act III Scene 2, when Orlando is speaking with Rosalind, he mentions that her accent is something finer than you could purchase in so removed a dwelling. Fortunately for her, Rosalind quickly thinks of an excuse, an old religious uncle of mine taught me to speak, which Orlando believes.

Whats Really on the Far Side of the Moon

What's Really on the Far Side of the Moon Weve all heard the term dark side of the Moon as a description for the far side of our planets satellite. Its actually quite a mistaken idea based on a misconception that if we cant see the other side of the Moon, it must be dark. It doesnt help that the idea crops up in popular music (the Dark Side of the Moon  by Pink Floyd is one good example) and in poetry. The far side of the Moon as seen and photographed by the Apollo 16 astronauts. NASA   In ancient times, people really did believe that one side of the Moon was always dark. Of course, we now know that the Moon orbits Earth, and they both orbit the Sun. The dark side is merely a trick of perspective. The Apollo astronauts who went to the Moon saw the other side and actually basked in the sunlight there. As  it turns out, different parts of the Moon are sunlit during different parts of each month, and not just one side. This image shows the phases of the Moon and why they happen. The center ring shows the Moon as it orbits around the Earth, as seen from above the north pole. Sunlight illuminates half the Earth and half the moon at all times. But as the Moon orbits around the Earth, at some points in its orbit the sunlit part of the Moon can be seen from the Earth. At other points, we can only see the parts of the Moon that are in shadow. The outer ring shows what we see on the Earth during each corresponding part of the moons orbit. NASA Its shape seems to change, which is what we call the phases of the Moon. Interestingly, New Moon, which is the time when the Sun and Moon are on the same side of Earth, is when the face we see from Earth actually IS dark and the far side is brightly lit by the Sun. So, calling the part that faces away from us as the dark side really IS a mistake.   Call It What It Is: The Far Side So, what do we call that part of the Moon we dont see each month? The better term to use is the far side. It makes perfect sense since it is the side farthest away from us. To understand, lets look more closely at its relationship to Earth. The Moon orbits in such a way that one rotation takes just about the same length of time as it takes for it to orbit around Earth. That is, the Moon spins on its own axis once during its orbit around our planet. That leaves one side is facing us during its orbit. The technical name for this spin-orbit lock is tidal locking. Earth and the Moon as seen from a passing spacecraft. NASA Of course, there is literally a dark side of the Moon, but its not always the same side. What is darkened depends on which phase of the Moon we see. During a new moon, the Moon lies between Earth and the Sun. So, the side we normally see from here on Earth thats normally lit by the Sun is in its shadow. Only when the Moon is opposite from the Sun do  we see that part of the surface lit up. At that point, the far side is shadowed and is truly dark.   Exploring the Mysterious Far Side   The far side of the Moon was once mysterious and hidden. But that all changed when the first images of its cratered surface were sent back by the USSRs Luna 3 mission in 1959.   Now that the Moon (including its far side) has been explored by humans and spacecraft from several countries since the mid-1960s, we know much more about it. We know, for example, that the lunar far side is  cratered, and has a few large basins (called maria), as well as mountains. One of the largest known craters in the solar system sits at its south pole, called the South Pole-Aitken Basin. That area is also known to have water ice hidden away on permanently shadowed crater walls and in regions just below the surface. A Clementine view of the south pole/Aitkin Basin region. This is where the Change 4 lander from China landed.   NASA It turns out that a small sliver of the far side can be seen on Earth due to a phenomenon called libration in which the moon oscillates each month, revealing a tiny bit of the Moon wed otherwise not see. Think of libration as a little side-to-side shake that the Moon experiences. Its not a lot, but enough to reveal a bit more of the lunar surface than we normally see from Earth. The most recent exploration of the far side has been undertaken by the Chinese space agency and its Change 4 spacecraft. Its a robotic mission with a rover to study the lunar surface. Ultimately, China is interested in sending humans to study the moon personally. The Far Side and Astronomy Because the far side is shielded from radio frequency interference from Earth, its a perfect place to put radio telescopes and astronomers have long discussed the option of placing observatories there. Other countries (including China) are talking about locating permanent colonies and bases there. In addition, space tourists could find themselves exploring all over the Moon, both near and far side. Who knows? As we learn to live and work on all sides of the moon, maybe one day well find human colonies on the far side of the moon.   Fast Facts The term dark side of the Moon is really a misnomer for the far side.Each side of the Moon is dark for 14 earth days each month.The far side of the Moon has been explored by the United States, Russia, and China. Updated and edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

An Explanation of Buffering in C++

An Explanation of Buffering in C++ Buffer is a generic term  that refers to a block of computer memory that serves as a temporary placeholder. You might encounter the term in your computer, which uses RAM as a buffer, or in video streaming where a section of the movie you are streaming downloads to your device to stay ahead of your viewing. Computer programmers use buffers as well. Data Buffers in Programming In computer programming, data can be placed  in a software buffer before it is processed. Because writing data to a buffer is much faster than a direct operation, using a buffer while programming in C and C makes a lot of sense and speeds up the calculation process. Buffers come in handy when a difference exists between the rate data is received and the rate it is processed.   Buffer vs. Cache A buffer is temporary storage of data that is on its way to other media or storage of data that can be modified non-sequentially before it is read sequentially. It attempts to reduce the difference between input speed and output speed. A cache also acts as a buffer, but it stores  data that  is expected to be read several times to reduce the need to access slower storage.   How to Create a Buffer in C++ Usually, when you open a file, a buffer is created. When you close the file, the buffer is flushed. When working in C, you can create a buffer by allocating  memory in this manner: char* buffer new char[length]; When you want to free up the memory allocated to a buffer, you do so like this: delete[ ] buffer; Note: If your system is low on memory, the benefits of buffering suffer. At this point, you have to find a balance between the size of a buffer and the available memory of your computer.

Why Marijuana should be illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Marijuana should be illegal - Essay Example Many studies have consistently demonstrated a correlation between risky sexual behavior and marijuana use by the same students. Marijuana users are more inclined to take risks than do students that do not use it and other drugs. This may be an obvious statement but a propensity to take risks with their health combined with a loss of inhibitions while on drugs and the need of all teenagers to be accepted by their peers leads to an increased level of sexual activity. This problematic scenario also increases the likelihood of students having sex at an earlier age, having multiple sexual partners and decreases the chances that they will use contraception than those that do not use drugs. â€Å"Teens who have used marijuana are four times more likely to have been pregnant or to have gotten someone pregnant than teens who have never smoked pot† (The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 1997). Ironically, schools are havens for marijuana available for the asking. Parents and teachers seem oblivious and are evidently powerless to control this disturbing situation. No one can deny that using marijuana can cause adverse effects to the user of any age but the effects to the teenager are especially damaging. Teenagers are in a much more vulnerable situation than are adults as they are still developing in every aspect of life. Unfortunately, it remains this group that has the most access to drugs as schools have become prolific drug outlets. The vast majority of 10th graders in the U.S., for example, claim they can easily purchase marijuana (78 per cent). Teenagers quickly learn that they can readily obtain marijuana in addition to other more exotic drugs to a somewhat lesser extent. Marijuana use often leads to other drugs. Drug abuse is costly to teenagers in many physical, mental and emotional ways. (Ault, 2001). Teenagers experience more emotional fluctuations

Strategy Development for Crossan et al Research Paper

Strategy Development for Crossan et al - Research Paper Example Two approaches to strategy have been discussed to elucidate the process of strategy development. As the purpose of the strategy in business is important and cannot be overemphasized, so much more is the process by which strategy is developed and identified. A manager must always deal with the four components of a strategy as identified by Crossan et al. (2002), and these are the goals, product market focus, value propositions, and core activities. How the manager tackles these four components in order to craft a strategy that aims to deliver the company bottom line represents how he approaches strategy development. Accordingly, there are many arguments about how strategy should be developed. Crossan et al (2002) observed two contentious issues surrounding strategy formulation, and these are whether strategy should be approached clinically, as in â€Å"a well defined, analytical process†, or experientially, as in â€Å"trial and error process† guided by a set of patterns from past experiences. Crossan et al (2002) referred to these approaches as â€Å"intended strategy† referring to the former, and â€Å"emergent strategy† referring to the latter.   It operates with some sort of precision to everything that it does, guided by rules and policies, and where decisions are centrally made by a select few. One can naturally expect that in organizations engaging in a planned approach to strategy, there is no room for spontaneous action and innovation, guided by creativity and out-of-the-box thinking. As has been discussed, Mintzberg (1998, cited by Crossan et al., 2002) has been mentioned to have seen problems in the operationalization of planned strategies.  

William Faulkner-Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

William Faulkner-Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example ion and constraint of the ‘other’ as they are examined by notables in the field such as Edward Said and Ziauddin Sardar and then applying these theories to Faulkner’s short story â€Å"Ad Astra,† one can begin to see how these theories can be traced in action in contemporary media. As the world enters into more troubled times with nations struggling against nations, it is more important than ever to understand how to achieve a more stable and in depth understanding of those we might simply wish to classify as ‘other’. William Faulkner (1897-1962) is one of America’s most highlighted and most unlikely authors. Eventually producing 26 books and a difficult to count number of short stories, Faulkner’s stories were full of such artistry and character that he has become recognized as a giant in world literature. â€Å"Faulkner accomplished in a little over a decade more artistically than most writers accomplish over a lifetime of writing† (Padgett, 2005). His creation of the mythical Yoknapatawpha County, along with all the people in it, painted a precise picture of what life was like in the turn of the century American south. Rather than portraying his characters in keeping with the generally accepted and widely held view of the stereotypical farmer, for instance, Faulkner presented his characters, good and bad, with a strong degree of sensitivity and understanding (Cowley, 1977). Although Faulkner has incorporated a number of themes and issues within his writings, one of the mor e prevalent is his exploration of the true nature of the black man as an individual human being capable of great strength and resilience. This is significant as it was a time in which most black men (and women) were viewed as somehow subhuman, having just recently escaped the shackles of slavery yet still confined within those of ignorance, poverty and blatant oppression. This impression laid the foundation for today’s race relations as well as illustrated the degree to

Summer Trip in Florida Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summer Trip in Florida - Essay Example The main reason being, the state is usually less crowded. One may choose to go by airplane or by road which-though less fast- it would be more exciting. There are several options of enjoying oneself while on a summer vacation in Florida. To start with, one may plan to do water based activities such as kayaking down a river or even around the barrier islands, swimming with Dolphins, Sea Turtles as well as swimming with Manatees. In addition to these, one would get an opportunity do fishing either in the deep sea or top bass fishing. Diving is also found in Florida especially in Miami Beach's Underwater Wrecks among other renowned beaches. One may also get a chance to do canoeing in Florida especially in places like Florida Marinas, Dockside Dining where one would ride a canoe across Econlockhatchee River. There are also very luxury cruises found in Florida and still spice up ones trip. There are varieties of cruises that range from casino, dinner and themed cruises. Secondly, one may also have an option of seeing some wildlife and watching birds of the air as they sing their melodious songs. Despite the fact that there are not so many birds in the summer season, one may watch out for them with their infantile plumage only viewable during the summer seasons.

Work Plan for a Formal Business Report Assignment

Work Plan for a Formal Business Report - Assignment Example The report will compare the types of wiki used by the two companies in order to determine a suitable type of wiki for Home Bank. The report will also include subtopics such as: benefits and costs, risks, training needs, and recommendation. Benefit and Costs will be an important part of the report because it will inform the supervisor about the feasibility of the wiki, so that it can be rejected if it has more costs than benefits and accepted if it has more benefits than costs (Brown, 2006). This report will not include wider elements of a wiki that do not apply to the bank. The business investigation report will be conducted in a sequence of steps. This will involve the use of mainly secondary sources of data. First, the investigating team will collect data from the relevant secondary sources and record them for analysis. The team will then analyse the data objectively. The analysed data will then be discussed and appropriate recommendations are provided based on the

Summer Trip in Florida Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summer Trip in Florida - Essay Example The main reason being, the state is usually less crowded. One may choose to go by airplane or by road which-though less fast- it would be more exciting. There are several options of enjoying oneself while on a summer vacation in Florida. To start with, one may plan to do water based activities such as kayaking down a river or even around the barrier islands, swimming with Dolphins, Sea Turtles as well as swimming with Manatees. In addition to these, one would get an opportunity do fishing either in the deep sea or top bass fishing. Diving is also found in Florida especially in Miami Beach's Underwater Wrecks among other renowned beaches. One may also get a chance to do canoeing in Florida especially in places like Florida Marinas, Dockside Dining where one would ride a canoe across Econlockhatchee River. There are also very luxury cruises found in Florida and still spice up ones trip. There are varieties of cruises that range from casino, dinner and themed cruises. Secondly, one may also have an option of seeing some wildlife and watching birds of the air as they sing their melodious songs. Despite the fact that there are not so many birds in the summer season, one may watch out for them with their infantile plumage only viewable during the summer seasons.

E-strategy for Stock Brokerage Service in Hong Kong Thesis Proposal

E-strategy for Stock Brokerage Service in Hong Kong - Thesis Proposal Example The proposed research analyses the e-strategies adopted by the brokerage companies in Hong Kong. Through the research, we will find out the gaps in the e-brokerage practices and will try to get insight about the e-strategies. The study will also provide practical suggestion in order to undertake betterment in the strategies adopted for e-brokerage, so that they can be helpful in further growth or taking corrective measures. The advent of the online trading has transfigured the trading industry all over the world including the online brokerage industry in Hong Kong. Last decade has seen a significant increase in the number financial institutions and brokers offering online trading in Hong Kong. These brokers offer both online and traditional brokerage services (Piotroski & Roulstone, 2004). Almost all of the companies listed at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange offer some form of internet based securities. Last few years have seen significant increase in the number of online traders. The number of online traders increases at the rate of 5% per annum. (Industry Overview) In 2003 the exchange launched AMS/3; the average daily turnover of the online brokers in Hong Kong has increased around 1.9% to around 13.0%. The Hong Kong exchange does not require any additional registration and licensing requirements for a company to conduct securities and commodities dealing through the Internet (Industry Overview). Reasons for the study: By reviewing the importance and uses of e-strategy of brokerage services and its literature, we will find out that e-brokerage is such effective tool which provide help to an ordinary person in undertaking trade with ease. On the other end it is also benefitting the trading companies in several ways. The data provided by the companies help in undertaking useful interpretation and comparison of the financial statements. The researcher is interested in evaluating every aspect of the e-strategy of brokerage. It is important for the brokerage companies to protect the interest of all parties and see that the firm grows profitably. Therefore, how far the management and investors can utilize the e-brokerage services to extract and present more and more information, needs to be evaluated. The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify that how the financial ratios are helpful in decision-making process of financial executives in the firm. Basically literature shows that e-strategy is a the tool through which investors are taking/making certain decisions about company's performance, liquidity profitability and its effectiveness but unless they do not compare it with the past performance of the same firm or other competitors or industry, they may not be able to extract the reasonable and useful information and analysis. So the main aim of the study is to evaluate whether the e-strategy is useful in providing the information helpful in predicting the performance of the firm. In the process of research, developing the views from the existing literature on e-strategy of brokerage will be our starting point and finally we will be able to present the gaps found in the e-brokerage practices of the companies in Hong Kong and suggest the steps for betterment. Objectives: The objectives of the present study would be as follows: To review extant conceptual models

Geometry and Measurement Essay Example for Free

Geometry and Measurement Essay Measurement refers to the estimation of the magnitude of some attribute of an object, such as its length or weight, relative to a unit of measurement (Measurement, 2008). It usually involves using a measuring instrument, such as a ruler or scale, which is calibrated to compare the object to some standard, such as a meter or a kilogram. In science, where accurate measurement is crucial, a measurement is understood to have three parts: first, the measurement itself, second, the margin of error, and third, the confidence level that is, the probability that the actual property of the physical object is within the margin of error. Learn more:Â  studymoose.com/friendship-speech-essay Example, we might measure the length of an object as 2. 34 meters plus or minus 0. 01 meter, with a 95% level of confidence. When one is tasked to measure a specific unit, one is expected to acquire the most accurate data possible. Be it length, area, weight, volume or time, there are different modes of measuring processes designed for each classification of measurement so that all data acquired would be correct and appicable to all. Whatever kind of measurement you are trying to get, there should be a universal standard that should be used so that it can be used and applied by everyone. This helps in the consistency of measurement and the validity of the data. The van Hiele levels of geometric reasoning is a measuring stick to determine how advanced a persons thinking is in terms of geometric figures and objects. By using these levels, one can evaluate the progress of any person in learning about geometry and the concepts behind it. In the first level, known as visualization, students can name and recognize shapes by their appearance, but cannot specifically identify properties of shapes. Although they may be able to recognize characteristics, they do not use them for recognition and sorting. The second level, called analysis, students begin to identify properties of shapes and learn to use appropriate vocabulary related to properties, but do not make connections between different shapes and their properties. Irrelevant features, such as size or orientation, become less important, as students are able to focus on all shapes within a class. And in the third level, known as informal deduction, students are now able to recognize relationships between and among properties of shapes or classes of shapes and are able to follow logical arguments using such properties (Van de Walle). When one is faced with having to deal with fellow students who have differing geometric levels, one has to understand a couple of things. First, one cannot expect other people to be at the same level as you. We all have different levels of intelligence, or perhaps have a different pace in terms of learning new concepts or ideas. When someone is less advanced than everyone else, this does not automatically mean that he is less intelligent than the others. Several factors could have played a role, such as the unfamiliarity of the person towards geometric concepts. Those who are at a lower level could easily move on to the next, provided they are guided appropriately by those who are knowledgeable of the subject. Likewise, those who are more advanced than others need not feel that they more superior than their peers. They could simply have just been more familiar with geometric figures, perhaps having encountered them already in previous occasions. In the end, it is still the progress of everyone that should be the main concern, rather than focusing on individual achievements. References Measurement (2008). Annenberg Media. Retrieved 2 June 2008 from http://www. learner. org/channel/courses/learningmath/measurement/session1/ part_d/index. html Van de Walle, John A. (2001). Geometric Thinking and Geometric Concepts. In Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally, 4th ed. (pp. 342-349). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Strategic change management of British American Tobacco

Strategic change management of British American Tobacco British America Tobacco (BAT) was formed over 100 years ago, as a joint venture between the UKs Imperial Tobacco Company and the American Tobacco Company in a bid to end an intense trade war. James Buck Duke founder of America Tobacco Company became the first chairman. Despite deriving its name from the home bases of its two founding companies, British American Tobacco was established to trade outside both the UK and the USA; the two companies  will not  trade in each others domestic markets and acquire the right to use each others brands and trade marks in their own territory. The early period of the company formation saw a lot of expansion, consolidation, merging and de-merging until resent past when the 1902 agreement was revocated and BAT gains exclusive rights of is original brands. The company vision to achieve leadership of the global tobacco will be based on Growth, Productivity, Responsibility and building a Winning Organization. (BAT, 2008) PRODUCTS OVERVIEW Cigarettes; This account for about 95 per cent of the company product Smokeless snus; Swedish-style snus is a form of tobacco that isnt smoked, usually placed under the lip, chewed or in the nostrils. It is reported to be much less harmful than cigarettes. Cigars; British American Tobacco produces wide range of various shapes, strength and flavors. Roll-your-own; the oldest form of smoking sometimes referred to as hand-rolling tobacco or fine cut. Pipe tobacco; is aged, A pipe like tube for smoking tobacco. Global Drive Brands: Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike and Pall Mall are marks. International brands Rothmans, Kool, Benson and Hedges, 555, Peter Stuyvesant and John Player Gold Leaf. The company is also improving the sales of Vogue and Viceroy. MARKETING STRATEGY Strategic management for most organization is a way of thinking and a term used in everyday conversation. A market generally is made up of sellers/producers/suppliers of Products/ services and buyers of these products/ services. Key to this exchange between buyers and sellers is the concept of needs and wants which marketers must strive to satisfy. Marketing is all about getting the right products and services to customers who want/need them. Strategy is looks into the future then develops and implements the plans that will drive the organization in the right direction; it presents the broad marketing approach to meet the marketing plan objectives. The marketing planning should be aimed towards designing marketing strategies that are efficient, effective, flexible and adaptable. According to (Brassington and Pettitt 2000), marketing strategy cannot be design in isolation, it has to include the objectives of the organization and take into consideration other strategies of the organiza tion. Competition British America Tobacco faces competition from many international and local players in the industry. Notable among them are; Imperial Group, Gallaher limited, Tltria, Japan tobacco, Altadis. They all compete in sharing the Global volume. Marketing Three stages of marketing techniques 5Ps (Adapted from the Times 100) Market research enables the organization to identify the most appropriate marketing mix for effective promotion. (The times 100) Successful marketing is the bedrock of growth for any fast moving consumer goods business. The company strategy to build its Organization. Growth, according to Marketing Director, Jimmi Rembiszewski does not mean increasing the number of smokers rather it means increasing the company share of those adult who have chosen to smoke there by increasing the value of share. Marketing in many businesses is based on the fundamental 5 Ps:   product, price, packaging, promotion and place.   For BAT, promotion is now much more limited and very carefully controlled due to increasing regulations. Product Product value and quality are high on company agenda. The company first Chairman once said to achieve success there need to be a quality product and right people. BAT also offers consumers smokeless Swedish-style snus, considered to be less harmful than cigarette. Price Pricing is one of the most important marketing strategies employed by tobacco companies all over the world. The rise of America Tobacco Company was largely due to aggressive pricing strategies used by James Duke led to the rise of American Tobacco Company, this was made possible by the cost advantages derived. This forced competitors to join him or leave the market. (Chaloupka et al, 2002) BAT is prided for quality, choice of flavors, diversified, segmented global brands at the super premium, premium, mid-price and value-for-money price points. Promotion Tobacco companies all over the world use myriad activities to promote their products. Laws governing tobacco brand advertising mean that promotion now has far less relevance than the other 4 Ps, and that mass media promotion is going or gone. As traditional marketing avenues have closed, tobacco industries now use other marketing strategies. One such strategy is the use of advertainment, possibly derived from two words advertisement and entertainment. This is a way of trying to link brand image to an entertainment event. Some of the Activities use by tobacco companies to promote their products includes: Event sponsorship For many years Tobacco companies have been using event sponsorships to promote their products, by sponsoring an event, a brand ties that events image to its own. While the parameters within which they can pursue this strategy are narrowing due to legislation, tobacco marketers continue to find ways to make connections between the images of events and the images of their products. Bars and Clubs Tobacco companies host high concerts and budget parties, which target a particular group. Tobacco products posters and signs are also used to promote the bars. Direct Mail Advertisement / Direct Marketing Tobacco marketing has in recent past shifted from traditional method of advertising to developing relationships with individual customers. (Anderson, et al). A major element of direct marketing is direct mail targeted to individuals on tobacco companies extensive mailing lists. Direct mail was found to be a major distribution channel for coupons, sweepstakes offers, brand-loyalty program catalogs and event sponsorship notice. (Delnevo, et al 2004). Point Of Sale Advertisement Advertising at the point of sale remains a major component of tobacco marketing. Places where cigarettes are sold are packed with promotional messages. Companies compete for trademark presence and best shelf space. Successful retailers are also rewarded sometimes. (Physicians for a smoke-free Canada 2002). Other methods commonly use by tobacco companies include; distribution of Giveaways and Print ads at events. Place The target group must be aware of the existence and availability, should never be out of stock and be at the right outlet. SWOT Analysis This part depicts opportunities and threats faced by BAT caused by the external environment Strengths The Community and BAT: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ worlds second largest quoted tobacco group by global market share, with brands sold in more than 180 markets . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ products released under an open-source license meaning it is free to acquire and distribute à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the licensing structure means can benefit from Community involvement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global tobacco market with largest market in china where around 2,100 billion cigarettes are consumed by about 350 million smokers annually development team and other support for the Community and products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A very broad geographic base, well placed to meet the changing environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Portfolio of some 300 brands based on distinct must-win consumer segments à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 47 cigarette factories in 40 countries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ providing farmers with a welcome alternative crop.   In many cases, it provides a higher income than any other smallholder crop.   It integrates well into environmentally friendly crop rotations, benefiting subsequent crops like maize. Weaknesses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tobacco consumption poses real risks to health, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ illicit tobacco trade à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Inability to totally eliminate non target group à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Child Labour in Tobacco Growing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ black market driven by ever higher taxes, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Weak criminal penalties, poor border controls, low arrest rates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Non-Compliance Strategy e.g. selling in unlicensed establishment Opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Delivering innovations and refinements to our products across leaf blends, finer cut tobacco, new filters, new formats such as slimmer products and improved tastes in segments such as menthol. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Able to innovate constantly à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Over 100 countries grow tobacco à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Largest leaf supply chain having no match in the industry of tobacco à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This industry is possessed with the ability to rescuing itself for a long term Threats à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Price competition in tobacco industry can be fierce.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the presence of many brands products in the marketplace à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the open-source license regime means anyone can re-brand and redistribute under new name à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Laws governing tobacco brand advertising and company restrictions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Counterfeiting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Smoking and health litigation (third party reimbursement, class action, individual action) The success of marketing activity should be monitored. General criticisms Tobacco use has been found to be harmful and addictive product that has huge health and economic impact for the users and passive users. It was found to be a single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed nations and addiction is one of the greatest threats facing young people (British Columbia Ministry of Health Services, 2003) Tobacco use has huge economic, social and environmental consequences. Some of which are highlighted in the table below: Direct Health Social economic Environmental Disability Reduced productivity Fire damage Premature death Worker absenteeism Liters from cigarette buts Lost income due to premature death direct health care costs Studies also found a link between advertising and promotions and encouraging adolescents to initiate smoking, and that point-of-sale advertising influences youths intentions to smoke in the future (Chaloupka et al, 2007). RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSSION Several studies have found tobacco product to be harmful to health with enormous economic and incalculable social impact. Reducing its use has also been found to improved general health and wellness. Government has always been torn between forfeiting a large sum derived from Tobacco industry through tax and job creation, and listening to the voice of experts who are determine to see that tobacco usage is banned. Tobacco companies all over the world use all sort of tactics, including lobbying, campaigns aim at health improvement, looking for allies to ensure they have a free market. It is identified in this report that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tobacco industries will use any means of publicity to reach their target group à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increasing global share value (profit) and tax are key strategic elements defining battlefield for the industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Costs and impacts of smoking are misinterpreted, and Tobacco companies will always found allies in stakeholders (Ross 2008)) This report suggests that any form of advertisement or promotion that has a large percentage of spilling over to non target group should be restricted e.g. point-of-sale advertisement. Authorities should put more effort in helping people to quit and protect passive smokers. There should be a clear definition of where smoking is allowed or not, it is not uncommon to see smokers smoking at bus stop or on the street. More research needs to be done on the effect of Nicotine, main component of tobacco products. Where products are found to be extremely harmful, companies should be mandated to withdraw such products.

Starbucks Organizational Behavior Essays -- Business Analysis

Starbucks Organizational Behavior A company's understanding and use of organizational behavior concepts can make or break it. Just as important, if a company ignores these same concepts, it can easily spell disaster. Starbucks intertwines and successfully uses three main organizational behavior concepts to increase the strength of the organization: organizational culture, organizational structure and motivation. The implementation of these concepts has definitely benefited the company, creating a monopoly in the United States as a coffee retailer and service company. Organizational Culture In the text, Organizational Behavior, Stephen P. Robbins defines organizational culture as, "a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations" (2005). Starbucks has a very strong organizational culture and strives to maintain it. Everything centers on the organizational culture within Starbucks. While being a customer service-based company and understanding that the customer satisfaction and loyalty are what will make the company profitable, Starbucks takes a different approach to customer service than other companies. By hiring employees that fit in the organizational culture (ICFAI, 2005) and treating their employees well (Lefevere, n.d.), Starbucks brings in and retains customers through their happy employees. The qualities that Starbucks hires for are "adaptability, dependability and the ability to work in a team" (ICFAI, 2005). The culture is supportive and laid back (Montana, 2005). Howard Shultz, Starbucks president and CEO, has the theory "that if you treat your employees well, they will treat your customers well" (Starbucks, 1997). In the excerpt from ‘Starbucks' Human Reso... ... website: http://www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=27282 Nelson, Bob. (2000, March 13). How Starbucks energizes its employees. bizwomen.com. Retrieved March 20, 2007, from bizjournals website: http://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/consultants/return_on_people/2000/03/13/column72.html NYSE Group (2007). Starbucks Corp. Retrieved March 24, 2007, from NYSE Group website: http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=SBUX&fq=D&ezd=1Y&index=5 Robbins, Stephen P. (2005). Organizational behavior (11th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Pearson Education. Inc. Starbucks case study: background 1971-87; private company 1987-92. (1997). McGraw-Hill Companies. Retrieved March 20, 2007, from the McGraw-Hill Companies website: http://www.mhhe.com/business/management/thompson/11e/case/starbucks-1.html http://www.mhhe.com/business/management/thompson/11e/case/starbucks.html

parent and child relationships :: essays research papers

Parent and children relationships In this essay, I’m going to tell you about some of the parent/children issues that do arise. Such as, one of the parents dying, one of the parents leaving, how hard a single parent can find it coping and how much babies can make people grow up. So many things can go wrong when you have a child of your own, especially when you have to bring them up on your own. In flour babies some of these issues do arise. Simon Martin finds out for himself how hard it is to raise a child and how hard it was for his mother to bring him up. In this book Simon Martin actually quotes ‘the fact is, you need two people to look after a baby. One person’s not enough. You need a substitute. A good reserve. Someone with no particular plans for the evening. Otherwise it simply can’t be done.’ This says that he’s just about to give up on parenthood, because it was too much hard work, without two people. He realises that he’s got a responsibility now and someone depends on him, and that makes him grow up a lot quicker than he normally would. I think ‘bait’ is quite a hard subject to do on this topic because there are quite a lot of things going on. His dad is a gambler who can easily lose his temper, and who’s probably going to ruin his life unless he gives up gambling. The little boy in this has been made to grow up too quickly, because of his dad’s gambling problem. I’d have thought that his dad, like in the short film, often embarrasses him like when he started a fight with the tramp and then started crying and hugging him. I think in a situation like this it can be hard for both the child and the parent. The child has to go without quite a few things that other children would take for granted, and the dad needs to live knowing that however much he tries to provide for his son he’ll never be able to give him everything that all his friends have because he doesn’t have the money because he gambles. Another film that displays how hard single parenting is, is ‘Finding Nemo’. The dad is over protective of nemo because of what happened to his wife and other children when they were eggs.

Representation of Sex and Gender in the Film Goldfinger Essay

â€Å"My Name is Bond, James Bond. † A film franchise that has spanned for a better part of this century has been engrained to generations, young, old, men and women. Bond’s suave outlook, dominating presence, and alluring sex appeal has engrained among generations how a man should conduct himself – a man’s man, and has also engrained the stereotype of how women are in this world. What are their roles, their functions and how should they be treated. In the years of the Bond movies, Bond has either pushed or represented the present times’ view on gender issues and relationships. When taken a closer look, it can be surmised that one can see the chronological progression of sex and gender issues and relationships when watching the entire 007 film franchise – how it has been in the past and how it has progressed. This paper aims to examine the existing on screen relationships within gender relations as depicted in James Bond movies. In particular, focus is given towards the women of James Bond in the various films of James Bond, especially those that are represented in the movie Goldfinger. On the other hand, focus will also be given on the variety of women shown in other James Bond movies and how they depict women and how they are able to represent the current culture towards interactions between women and men, and the roles they play in society. In addition, the paper also dips into how women represent the typical ‘Bond Girls’ and what role do they take in the plot of Bond movies. The study develops its arguments via a comprehensive discussion on the subject matter, utilizing cited references and integrating them with each other in order to churn out an effective analysis of the points of the study. Studies acquired for this research will be primarily acquired from UK sources but is not limited to and can acquire US/other sources as need be. There is no particular limit to the age of the publication, just as long as it is written based on the James Bond, the interpretation of women in these films, gender theory, and other studies that may be deemed necessary for the study. As a last point, a conclusion will be presented summarizing the key points of the paper. The methodology of acquiring the desired results will utilize qualitative analysis. The qualitative analysis presents an advantage as it adheres to the concept of individuality in terms that each person or group is expected to have varying interpretations of the situation that person or the group is immersed in. This provides for a more in-depth analysis for the study as the qualitative portion of the study focuses more on the inner psyche of the individual/group and acknowledges the point that individuals and groups have different opinions on the issue/topic. It is the responsibility then of the researcher to merge these existing thoughts into a cohesive interpretation that is representative of the entire subject base. James Bond and his counterparts My name is Bond, James Bond On hindsight, the variety of 007 films that was released over the years represent how majority of society (i. e. American and British society) sees masculinity and femininity and how it has progressed throughout the decades. Bond’s representation in Goldfinger presents the deepest and most innate desires of how men see themselves and how women want their men to see, act and feel. In addition to this, the personas portrayed by women acting in Goldfinger had presented the different variations of women in their time. Their On screen relationships with the secret agent project deep-seated cultural conventions that involves mainly romance and sexual interaction between men and women that add how bond films are able to provide a mirror image of cultural fantasies and realities of modern man and woman in film and in society. It can be said that the bond movie series has taken society by storm because of the reason that they have a similarity to human fantasies and wishful thinking. The movies in a way, has defined the dreams and paranoia a particular group of 007 fanatics and within a given timeline in history (Lindner, 2003). The characters played in 007 films feed on human fantasy components desired by humans on earth such as fast cars, hard alcoholic beverages, high stakes gambling, and powerful weaponry at a moment’s notice, handsome secret agents and beautiful women at their side. When the movies were first released at 1962 onwards, 007 had appeared on the silver screen with an average of two years per interval. Sean Connery filled up the role as James Bond in the movie Goldfinger, keeping in mind how Ian Fleming had envisioned James Bond in real life. His suave attire and commanding look, although was totally different as that of a real-life spy, tapped into the imagination and perception of people at that time on how a spy or a secret should look and feel. On the other hand, following Dalton’s depiction, there was a gap of six years while Bond’s representation was re-developed and reconstructed for the 1990s post Cold War political climate in Britain and the U. S. In mid 1994, the actor Pierce Brosnan was identified to take over the role of 007 (Brosnan, 1995). But even with these changes occurring, the secret agent that is James Bond has essentially remained unswerving all throughout the movies series history (more than 40 years). The secret agent has never aged, never gotten seriously injured, never stopped drinking and more importantly has never stopped chasing the opportunity to be intimate with a sexiest and coincidentally the most intelligent women around. James Bond has become the quintessential suave secret agent, completely opposite as that of real-life secret agents, dry wit and capable intelligence officer serving for king and country. On the other hand, categorization of James Bond has naturally varied from actor to actor during the entire 40 year history and has mainly been coupled with the current social and political climates and values of the times (Lindner, 2003).

Traditions and Beliefs

A  tradition  is a practice, custom, or  story  that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a  writing system. Traditions are often presumed to be  ancient, unalterable, and deeply important, though they may sometimes be much less â€Å"natural† than is presumed. Some traditions were deliberately invented for one reason or another, often to highlight or enhance the importance of a certain institution. Traditions may also be changed to suit the needs of the day, and the changes can become accepted as a part of the ancient tradition. Folk Beliefs, otherwise known as â€Å"Superstitious Beliefs†, forms part of a people's value systems and culture. They basically reflect the customs, traditions, and mores of a group, which has been based on religious beliefs, opinions, or popular old practices. Also they tell of how a people view the unknown and the Means to appease the gods that control the future. Filipinos still adhere to numerous widely-held folk beliefs that have no scientific or logical basis but maybe backed-up by some past experiences (yet can be dismissed as mere coincidence). Some are still practiced to this day primarily because of ‘there's nothing to lose if we comply' attitude while the others are totally ignored for it seemed downright ridiculous. A number of Filipinos have Folk Beliefs about life, family, luck, wealth, etc. Some of which were presented by the four groups last Monday, April 26, 2010. I have noticed that almost all groups presented folk beliefs about courtship and marriage. Courtship is one that is still being practiced among the strictest of the Filipino families. This is performed by the male (who is the suitor since it is wrong to do it the opposite way) visiting the home of the female. In the olden days, courtship doesn't start until the male suitor had obtained permission from the parents. This was done with the male suitor being accompanied by another respectable elder and approaching either the father or the mother of the female and obtaining permissions days in advanced to visit at a particular day and time. Nowadays this form of getting the parent's permission is still being practiced in the provinces, however, due to western influences, there are ome variations more adaptable to the modern times. One alternative is to make a phone call, asking for the parents' or guardian's permission through an elder to schedule a visit. Another way is for the suitor to approach the parents in a public place, and informally asking for permission to visit. Either way, it is to show proper respect to ask for permission prior to the formal visit. Proper ly greeting the parents by placing the back of the right hand of the parents to the suitor's forehead is practiced to show respect. This is called pagmamano in Tagalog. When the permission has been granted, the suitor whether accompanied by a friend or an elder will visit the girl's home and offers gifts. Gift bags or boxes of goodies or Filipino snacks purchased from a local store and flowers are generally given. The snacks or other goods are offered to the family of the girl then the flowers and special sweets (like chocolate or candies) are given to the girl. In a strict Filipino home, during courtship, the parents are present during the first visit. This is the opportunity to get to know each other. This is sometimes called courting the parents first and winning their hearts and approval then letting the boy or suitor court the girl. Subsequent visits are then scheduled if all went well during the first visit and, depending on how long the courtship will last; the answer is given by the girl with the parents' knowledge as well. After the courtship stage and the girl decides that she also would like to take the suitor's offer of love and commitment, then the girl will give the favorable answer to the suitor. At times it takes months before the answer is given. In the olden days, strict parents would sometimes give a series of tests, having the suitor do some chores like fetching some water from the well, cutting firewood to be used for cooking dinner, helping the father of the girl do some yard or farm work. Nowadays, a more modern approach is being performed by the suitor whereby he offers gentlemanly help to the parents, sometimes carrying groceries as he sees them walking down the streets, offering them a ride if he happens to be driving their way, doing other favors that can help win their favor and better his chances of getting the girl's love as well. After the girl announces to the parents that she is ready to be engaged the parents would be around to congratulate the suitor. From then on, the suitor is treated like a member of the family. Sometimes, even before marriage, the suitor is introduced to the friends and relatives of the girl's immediate family as future part of the family or future son-in-law. Engagements may take longer than a year, and then the date shall be set for marriage. During the waiting period they are free to go on dates, at times with a chaperone. Nowadays, after the first few chaperoned dates they can date on their own, especially those who live in the cities where it is not as strict as in the rural areas of the country. When the two decides that they are ready to get married, then the pamamanhikan (official request of the male and his parents or guardians for the girl's hand in marriage) begins. This is usually done in the evening after dinner. Then, if the parents of the girl agree, they will give them their blessings and set the date of the wedding. The engagement sometimes last from several months to a couple of years due to extensive preparations. The majority of Filipino weddings are now Catholic weddings, but some native traditions remain. Most have special â€Å"sponsors† who act as witnesses to the marriage. The principal sponsors could be godparents, counselors, a favorite uncle and aunt, even a parent. Secondary sponsors handle special parts of the ceremony, such as the candle, cord and veil ceremonies. Candle sponsors light two candles, which the bride and groom use to light a single candle to symbolize the joining of the two families and to invoke the light of Christ in their married life. Veil sponsors place a white veil over the bride's head and the groom's shoulders, a symbol of two people clothed as one. Cord sponsors drape the yugal (a decorative silk cord) in a figure-eight shape–to symbolize everlasting fidelity–over the shoulders of the bride and groom. The groom gives the bride 13 coins, or arrhae, blessed by the priest, as a sign of his dedication to his wife's well-being and the welfare of their future children. The four groups, as far as I can remember, presented more beliefs and traditions about death, marriage, life and luck. These were: †¢ The table should not be cleared while an unmarried woman is still eating because she might end up an old maid. †¢ Do not sweep your floor at night or else you are sweeping your luck out of the house. †¢ If one cuts his fingernails at night, a member of the family will die. †¢ One must not organize teams of 3 or 13, otherwise one member will die. †¢ Eating Pancit on their birthday will enable them to live longer. †¢ The use of the word â€Å"Po† or â€Å"Opo† means â€Å"Yes† in a very polite manner. It is usually said by a young person to an elder. Holding a family reunion to celebrate a birthday in the family, fiestas, for Christmas or New Year's Celebration. †¢ One must be able to have â€Å"handa† during feast days. The first belief tells me that when you clear the table while an unmarried woman is still eating, that woman will stay single all her life. I still don’t believe in such belief because I have met and seen single women getting married even if this clearing of tables while they ate happened to them. This is also my very first time to hear such belief. The second belief is one I heard when I was still very young. I was at my grandfather’s house at Negros Oriental one summer. One night, there housemaid swept the floor and was scolded by my grandfather’s sister for doing such act. I wondered why and so I asked my parents about it. They, too, didn’t know why sweeping floors during night was not allowed. Now, I know why. I still don’t believe in such belief although luck in that house has gone in and out. I believe it’s just coincidental when someone sweeps during the night and then you become very unlucky in the future. The third belief is somehow coincidental for me when you cut your fingernails and someone in your family dies. I have also tried a lot of times already cutting my nails at night and I have also tried losing a member of my family already but I don’t think it was because of what I did. I don’t see any connection between cutting fingernails during the night and death. With the fourth belief, I have heard this since I was in my grade school years. I still hear such until now. I usually go around with two of my very close friends. We always take pictures of ourselves yet not one of us has died, fortunately. I was told that whoever is in the middle will die first. It sounds pretty scary at first especially when I was still very young and innocent. However, as I grew up and hear such, it becomes lame to me and somehow funny because I have had lots of experience already with having two friends with me. The group presented this by three people who was about to take a picture of themselves and then their friend told them they shouldn’t be three otherwise the one in the middle will die. And so they invited more people to join them so they wouldn’t be three. The fifth belief tells me that eating Pancit will make your life longer. I always hear such especially during festivities and celebrations. On birthday celebrations, there is always pancit on the table because it is said that this will make you live longer on earth. They always say â€Å"pansit, pampahaba ng buhay†. I’m pretty sure it is such because pancit is long. We don’t usually practice such tradition in our family. The sixth belief shows respect to the older people when you say Opo or Po. It is our tradition to say such. We also â€Å"mano† or kiss the right hand of an older person when we greet them. Actually, you don't really kiss that hand. You just bow a bit, and gently take the older person's right hand with your right hand, and move it towards your own forehead. Sometimes, it's the back of their hand that touches your forehead. In our family, we practice such tradition as a sign of respect. When we got to our province in Negros and get to meet with the very many relatives of ours, we â€Å"mano† every older relative. Other relatives of ours especially my aunts and uncles who are in their late 20’s and early 30’s wont let us â€Å"mano† them because they don’t want to be â€Å"old†. The seventh and eight traditions have been practiced for years by almost all Filipinos. These happenings bring family members together especially those who are living away or are working in different places and rarely have the chance or time to come home. The presence of family visitors and reuniting members delight the other members of the family, aside from stories and gossips to tell. And, if a visitor is a foreigner or a relative who comes from abroad, the family is very proud especially when the neighbors are around, and offers everything just to please the visitor. Once the visitor is gone, the family will either praise or mock the visitor. It’s mostly not the presence but the presents. We always celebrate feast days by having handa and inviting people to eat inside the house. In our family, we do the same during our village’s fiesta. We invite friends, relatives and neighbors to dine and celebrate with us. Such tradition brings families and friends closer and patches up the times you missed together. With the very many traditions and beliefs of the Filipinos, I can say we only practice a few. Our family is not the type who believes in such beliefs. We only practice those traditions that are very common like celebrating festivities and occasions and giving of gifts during special days. I don’t believe in these beliefs because they sound ridiculous for me but I respect them and the people who believe in them. We were not raised believing in folk beliefs because they are mere stories and doesn’t have any connection with the real world. Sometimes, I wonder why people have made so many beliefs. Is it their way of scaring people especially beliefs about death and misfortune? I believe it is only you who can bring luck to yourself and it is not harmful to believe and practice such beliefs and traditions. I just learned that folk beliefs are not real and not practical and one’s life must not always work around with beliefs.

SPSS data analysis in marketing field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

SPSS data analysis in marketing field - Essay Example we also have 154 females in the 1(X32) (N) and on average, they have 128X32 with standard deviation of 10.368 X32.The last column shows the two groups Std error mean. Basing on table 2, the p value of Levenes test is 0.816.In this case, this p value is greater than 0.05 the alpha. Therefore, we will have to use the middle row of the output (‘labeled Equal variances assumed.’).So we will have to assume that the variances are equal and we need to use the middle row of the output. The labeled column ‘‘t’’, provides a calculated t value. In this case the t value is 0.667 assuming equal variance. The labeled column df provides the degree of freedom related with the test. In this case we have 445 degrees of freedom. The labeled column sig (2 –tailed) provides p value related to the t test. In this case, the p value 0.816. If p ≠¤ ÃŽ ±, then reject H0.Therefore, 0.816 is not equal or less than 0.05.So we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means that we failed to observe a difference in the reasons to choosing the restaurant between men and women. As shown in table 3, for each dependent variable, the output shows the sample size, minimum, maximum standard deviation, standard error and confidence interval for every independent variable level (quasi) In this case, the p value of 0.466 is greater than the 0.05; we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is limited evidence that the variances aren’t equal and the variance assumption homogeneity may fit. The 2 value in the table above is the between groups degrees of freedom, 446 is within groups degrees of freedom,0.864 is the F ratio from the F column,0.460 is the p value and 16927.906 is within groups mean square estimate of variance. The last task now involves whether to reject null hypothesis. In this case the p value of 0.460 is seen to be greater than the 0.05.Therefore we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means different distances have no influence on the

Republic Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Republic Government - Essay Example The great French Revolution, although short-term, roused a new spirit of independence in Europeans. Later, in the 19th century, many countries outside Europe attained independence through continuous struggle; but the major turn out came after the 2nd World War, of which most of the countries developed a trend away from democracy. (Carey, 2007) Even though colonial life has almost ended, some parts of the world are still fighting for a proper government according to their own views. Two of these major parts are Palestine and Kashmir. What's ironical is that countries involved in these disputes are republics themselves; but look at the years of struggle these areas have gone through. Theoretically, the United States is a democratic republic nation where people exercise control over their rulers through elections and lobbying; but since implementation of the new constitution, the government has been facing extensive difficulties. Financial problem was the main worry of the new government. They were in huge debt due to the Revolutionary War, which was a threat to their economy. The need for roads and bridges was inevitable, but they could not be afforded. Enforcing new taxes was also a problem, which lead to the Whiskey Rebellion.

Government power and individual safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government power and individual safety - Essay Example Any person should expect a semblance of safety also in his/her home and community. This means that the government will have the power to enforce laws and regulations that prevent people from trespassing in and damaging other people’s private property, for example. The government uses the police to catch criminals violating individual safety. At the same time, there should be a legislative component that tries suspects of these crimes. For example, if someone kills a person, this act gross violates individual safety. The government must then use its police and court system to ensure that the violated right of safety will be promoted and that justice will be served. The promotion of individual safety, however, should not undermine national safety. National safety refers to overall wellbeing of the people or of a large group of people. For instance, it can refer to protecting the life of a city. Terrorism directly impacts and kills numerous of lives and the government has once pr ioritized the protection of national safety over that of individual safety. Individual safety is important, but when national safety is paramount, the latter can be given emphasis by the government. A society without a governing authority will have no social order, and hence, no enjoyment of social liberties. The government needs power to have the â€Å"authority to set and enforce limits on individual freedom to maintain social order† for without social order, individual liberties will be meaningless (Bond and Smith, 2010, 114). Without a governing authority, any person can directly infringe on the personal freedoms of others. Criminals will fear no punishment, since there is no government. Crime rates will soar. People will no longer respect contracts and agreements. There will be no peace and social order. Chaos will reign. It is through a legitimate governing authority that social order will be implemented and individual liberties will have realization. This essay shows t hat the government should have enough power to secure individual safety, but not to the extent of sacrificing national safety, and that a society without a governing authority will have no social order, and hence, no enjoyment of social liberties. The government should promote individual safety and protect the rights of the individual, but national safety often is more important than individual safety. Finally, a legitimate governing authority provides social order will be implemented, where individual liberties will have realization and protection. Political Ideology: Individual and Social Progress or for Power and Influence over Society Political ideology refers to the set of beliefs of â€Å"what the government should do† (Bessette and Pitney, 2011, 252), as well as to the cultural, economic, social, and political beliefs of the majority of society. It means that it